A New Extension of the Topp-Leone-Family of Models with Applications to Real Data.

In this article, we proposed a new extension of the Topp-Leone family of distributions. Some important properties of the model are developed, such as quantile function, stochastic ordering, model series representation, moments, stress-strength reliability parameter, Renyi entropy, order statistics, and moment of residual life. A particular member called new extended Topp-Leone exponential (NETLE) is discussed. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), least-square estimation (LSE), and percentile estimation (PE) are used for the model parameter estimation. Simulation studies were conducted using NETLE to assess the MLE, LSE, and PE performance by examining their bias and mean square error (MSE), and the result was satisfactory. Finally, the applications of the NETLE to two real data sets are provided to illustrate the importance of the NETLG families in practice; the data sets consist of daily new deaths due to COVID-19 in California and New Jersey, USA. The new model outperformed many other existing Topp-Leone's and exponential related distributions based on the real data illustrations.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) leaf extract attenuates biochemical and histological parameters in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The present research aimed to investigate the attenuative effects of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) leaf extract on biochemical and histological parameters in a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, including three supplemented groups: 10 mg metformin/kg BW (HFD/STZ +M), 200 mg watermelon leaf extract /kg BW (HFD/STZ + LD), and 400 mg watermelon leaf extract /kg BW (HFD/STZ + HD). The efficacy of the 6-week intervention was evaluated by measuring body weight, fasting blood sugar, serum insulin, lipid profile, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, and serum liver markers. Kidneys and liver structure were defined by histopathological examination. Results revealed that intervention with watermelon leaf extract attenuated the biochemical parameters and the structural changes in kidneys and liver. In brief, the watermelon leaf extract treatment could effectively decrease complications associated with diabetes better than metformin, and that the treatment with 400 mg/kg BW is the most potent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This was the first study to investigate the antidiabetic potential of watermelon leaf extract in obese diabetic rats. Data revealed that the watermelon leaf extract significantly attenuated the HFD/STZ-induced diabetes changes, as evidenced by the biochemical and histological data. Hence, watermelon leaf could be an excellent candidate to be developed as a functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals for holistic management of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

A New Generator of Probability Models: The Exponentiated Sine-G Family for Lifetime Studies.

In this article, we propose the exponentiated sine-generated family of distributions. Some important properties are demonstrated, such as the series representation of the probability density function, quantile function, moments, stress-strength reliability, and Rényi entropy. A particular member, called the exponentiated sine Weibull distribution, is highlighted; we analyze its skewness and kurtosis, moments, quantile function, residual mean and reversed mean residual life functions, order statistics, and extreme value distributions. Maximum likelihood estimation and Bayes estimation under the square error loss function are considered. Simulation studies are used to assess the techniques, and their performance gives satisfactory results as discussed by the mean square error, confidence intervals, and coverage probabilities of the estimates. The stress-strength reliability parameter of the exponentiated sine Weibull model is derived and estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method. Also, nonparametric bootstrap techniques are used to approximate the confidence interval of the reliability parameter. A simulation is conducted to examine the mean square error, standard deviations, confidence intervals, and coverage probabilities of the reliability parameter. Finally, three real applications of the exponentiated sine Weibull model are provided. One of them considers stress-strength data.

A New Extension of the Generalized Half Logistic Distribution with Applications to Real Data.

In this paper, we introduced a new three-parameter probability model called Poisson generalized half logistic (PoiGHL). The new model possesses an increasing, decreasing, unimodal and bathtub failure rates depending on the parameters. The relationship of PoiGHL with the exponentiated Weibull Poisson (EWP), Poisson exponentiated Erlang-truncated exponential (PEETE), and Poisson generalized Gompertz (PGG) model is discussed. We also characterized the PoiGHL sub model, i.e the half logistic Poisson (HLP), based on certain functions of a random variable by truncated moments. Several mathematical and statistical properties of the PoiGHL are investigated such as moments, mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, order statistics, Shannon and Renyi entropy, Kullback-Leibler divergence, moments of residual life, and probability weighted moments. Estimation of the model parameters was achieved by maximum likelihood technique and assessed by simulation studies. The stress-strength analysis was discussed in detail based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), we derived the asymptotic confidence interval of R = P ( X 1 < X 2 ) based on the MLEs, and examine by simulation studies. In three applications to real data set PoiGHL provided better fit and outperform some other popular distributions. In the stress-strength parameter estimation PoiGHL model illustrated as a reliable choice in reliability analysis as shown using two real data set.

Effect of resveratrol and environmental enrichment on biomarkers of oxidative stress in young healthy mice.

Resveratrol (RESV) and Environmental Enrichment (EE) have been separately reported to protect organisms against various diseases. This study investigated the potential benefit of the combination of RESV and EE on biomarkers of oxidative stress in young healthy mice. Fifty mice of both sexes were randomly divided into five groups of 10 animals each: group I served as control, group II were maintained on alternate day feeding, group III received RESV 50 mg/kg, suspended in caboxymethylcellulose orally per kg/day. Group IV received CMC and kept in an Enriched Environment, group V received RESV + EE. The treatment lasted for 28 days. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment and brain samples were collected for biochemical evaluation. The results obtained showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde concentration in EE group and RESV treated group kept EE when compared to the control. A significant decrease was also observed in glutathione peroxidase activity in all the treatment groups when compared to the control. A significant decrease in GPx activities in RESV, EE and RESV + EE treated groups in male and female mice when compared to the control groups respectively. However, a significant increase in GPx activities was observed in EE group in male mice and EODF, RESV groups in female mice when compared to RESV + EE groups respectively. In conclusion, the result of our study indicates that EE possesses antioxidant properties by decreasing MDA concentration and attenuating lipid peroxidation in the brain of young Swiss albino mice.

Exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic field radiation, ringtone and vibration affects anxiety-like behaviour and oxidative stress biomarkers in albino wistar rats.

Research on the effects of Mobile phone radio frequency emissions on biological systems has been focused on noise and vibrations as auditory stressors. This study investigated the potential effects of exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic field radiation, ringtone and vibration on anxiety-like behaviour and oxidative stress biomarkers in albino wistar rats. Twenty five male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 5 animals each: group I: exposed to mobile phone in switched off mode (control), group II: exposed to mobile phone in silent mode, group III: exposed to mobile phone in vibration mode, group IV: exposed to mobile phone in ringtone mode, group V: exposed to mobile phone in vibration and ringtone mode. The animals in group II to V were exposed to 10 min call (30 missed calls for 20 s each) per day for 4 weeks. Neurobehavioural studies for assessing anxiety were carried out 24 h after the last exposure and the animals were sacrificed. Brain samples were collected for biochemical evaluation immediately. Results obtained showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in open arm duration in all the experimental groups when compared to the control. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) was also observed in catalase activity in group IV and V when compared to the control. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicates that 4 weeks exposure to electromagnetic radiation, vibration, ringtone or both produced a significant effect on anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in young wistar rats.

Antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant efficacies of zerumbone on the formation, development, and establishment of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

Owing to the high incidence of cholesterol-induced cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis, the current study was designed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic efficacies of dietary zerumbone (ZER) supplementation on the formation and development of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with a high cholesterol diet. A total of 72 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly on two experimental studies carried out 8 weeks apart. The first experiment was designed to investigate the prophylactic efficacy of ZER in preventing early developed atheromatous lesion. The second experimental trial was aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect of ZER in reducing the atherosclerotic lesion progression and establishment. Sudanophilia, histopathological, and ultrastructural changes showed pronounced reduction in the plaque size in ZER-medicated aortas. On the other hand, dietary supplementation of ZER for almost 10 weeks as a prophylactic measure indicated substantially decreasing lipid profile values, and similarly, plaque size in comparison with high-cholesterol non-supplemented rabbits. Furthermore, the results of oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarker evaluation indicated that ZER is a potent antioxidant in suppressing the generation of free radicals in terms of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment. ZER significantly reduced the value of malondialdehyde and augmented the value of superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, our data indicated that dietary supplementation of ZER at doses of 8, 16, and 20 mg/kg alone as a prophylactic measure, and as a supplementary treatment with simvastatin, significantly reduced early plague formation, development, and establishment via significant reduction in serum lipid profile, together with suppression of oxidative damage, and therefore alleviated atherosclerosis lesions.

Allergic conjunctivitis at sheikh zayed regional eye care center, gambia.

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in Gambia and to determine its epidemiologic features, seasonal variations and associated ocular and systemic conditions. METHODS: Records of patients clinically diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis between April 2007 and March 2008 were reviewed. Variables including age, sex, date of presentation, and systemic and ocular findings were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 7,912 patients were visited within the study period, out of which 624 (7.9%) were diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis. The disease was equally distributed in male and female subjects, with high preponderance in children (54.5%). Most patients (60.7%) presented during the dry season as compared to the rainy season. Refractive error was the most common ocular condition associated with the condition present in 7.4% of patients while the most common systemic association was asthma, reported in 1.4% of cases. CONCLUSION: Allergic conjunctivitis in Gambia is more common in children than in adults and has seasonal variation with more patients presenting during dry seasons. Refractive errors are the most common ocular problem associated with the disease and asthma is a systemic association.